Standards Referenced on a Learning Label

Standard: NGSS - HS-PS4 - HS-PS4-1
Short Description: Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer
Long Description: Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.
Assessment Boundary: [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to algebraic relationships and describing those relationships qualitatively.]
Clarification Statement: [Clarification Statement: Examples of data could include electromagnetic radiation traveling in a vacuum and glass, sound waves traveling through air and water, and seismic waves traveling through the earth.]
Base Skill: Applied Science
Target Audience: High School

Standard: NGSS - HS-PS4 - HS-PS4-5
Short Description: Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer
Long Description: Communicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.
Assessment Boundary: [Assessment Boundary: Assessments are limited to qualitative information. Assessments do not include band theory.]
Clarification Statement: [Clarification Statement: Examples could include solar cells capturing light and converting it to electricity; medical imaging; and communications technology.]
Base Skill: Applied Science
Target Audience: High School

Standard: NGSS - HS-PS4 - HS-PS4-4
Short Description: Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer
Long Description: Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.
Assessment Boundary: [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to qualitative descriptions.]
Clarification Statement: [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the idea that photons associated with different frequencies of light have different energies, and the damage to living tissue from electromagnetic radiation depends on the energy of the radiation. Examples of published materials could include trade books, magazines, web resources, videos, and other passages that may reflect bias.]
Base Skill: Applied Science
Target Audience: High School

Standard: NGSS - HS-PS4 - HS-PS4-3
Short Description: Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer
Long Description: Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model, and that for some situations one model is more useful than the other.
Assessment Boundary: [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include using quantum theory.]
Clarification Statement: [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on how the experimental evidence supports the claim and how a theory is generally modified in light of new evidence. Examples of a phenomenon could include resonance, interference, diffraction, and photoelectric effect.]
Base Skill: Applied Science
Target Audience: High School

Standard: NGSS - MS-ESS3 - MS-ESS3-2
Short Description: Earth and Human Activity
Long Description: Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects.
Clarification Statement: [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on how some natural hazards, such as volcanic eruptions and severe weather, are preceded by phenomena that allow for reliable predictions, but others, such as earthquakes, occur suddenly and with no notice, and thus are not yet predictable. Examples of natural hazards can be taken from interior processes (such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions), surface processes (such as mass wasting and tsunamis), or severe weather events (such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods). Examples of data can include the locations, magnitudes, and frequencies of the natural hazards. Examples of technologies can be global (such as satellite systems to monitor hurricanes or forest fires) or local (such as building basements in tornado-prone regions or reservoirs to mitigate droughts).]
Base Skill: Applied Science
Target Audience: Middle School

Standard: NGSS - MS-ESS3 - MS-ESS3-1
Short Description: Earth and Human Activity
Long Description: Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how the uneven distributions of Earth’s mineral, energy, and groundwater resources are the result of past and current geoscience processes.
Clarification Statement: [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on how these resources are limited and typically non-renewable, and how their distributions are significantly changing as a result of removal by humans. Examples of uneven distributions of resources as a result of past processes include but are not limited to petroleum (locations of the burial of organic marine sediments and subsequent geologic traps), metal ores (locations of past volcanic and hydrothermal activity associated with subduction zones), and soil (locations of active weathering and/or deposition of rock).]
Base Skill: Applied Science
Target Audience: Middle School

Standard: NGSS - MS-ESS3 - MS-ESS3-4
Short Description: Earth and Human Activity
Long Description: Construct an argument supported by evidence for how increases in human population and per-capita consumption of natural resources impact Earth’s systems.
Clarification Statement: [Clarification Statement: Examples of evidence include grade-appropriate databases on human populations and the rates of consumption of food and natural resources (such as freshwater, mineral, and energy). Examples of impacts can include changes to the appearance, composition, and structure of Earth’s systems as well as the rates at which they change. The consequences of increases in human populations and consumption of natural resources are described by science, but science does not make the decisions for the actions society takes.]
Base Skill: Applied Science
Target Audience: Middle School

Standard: NGSS - MS-ESS3 - MS-ESS3-5
Short Description: Earth and Human Activity
Long Description: Ask questions to clarify evidence of the factors that have caused the rise in global temperatures over the past century.
Clarification Statement: [Clarification Statement: Examples of factors include human activities (such as fossil fuel combustion, cement production, and agricultural activity) and natural processes (such as changes in incoming solar radiation or volcanic activity). Examples of evidence can include tables, graphs, and maps of global and regional temperatures, atmospheric levels of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, and the rates of human activities. Emphasis is on the major role that human activities play in causing the rise in global temperatures.]
Base Skill: Applied Science
Target Audience: Middle School

Standard: NGSS - MS-ESS3 - MS-ESS3-3
Short Description: Earth and Human Activity
Long Description: Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment.
Clarification Statement: [Clarification Statement: Examples of the design process include examining human environmental impacts, assessing the kinds of solutions that are feasible, and designing and evaluating solutions that could reduce that impact. Examples of human impacts can include water usage (such as the withdrawal of water from streams and aquifers or the construction of dams and levees), land usage (such as urban development, agriculture, or the removal of wetlands), and pollution (such as of the air, water, or land).]
Base Skill: Applied Science
Target Audience: Middle School

Standard: NGSS - HS-PS4 - HS-PS4-2
Short Description: Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer
Long Description: Evaluate questions about the advantages of using digital transmission and storage of information.
Clarification Statement: [Clarification Statement: Examples of advantages could include that digital information is stable because it can be stored reliably in computer memory, transferred easily, and copied and shared rapidly. Disadvantages could include issues of easy deletion, security, and theft.]
Base Skill: Applied Science
Target Audience: High School